Why This Series Exists
For generations, the story of Kashmir has been told by everyone except the Kashmiri people themselves. Our history has been reshaped by political agendas, filtered through national narratives, and diluted by incomplete or biased versions of events. Because of this, millions of Kashmiris, especially those born and raised in the diaspora, have grown up with an identity shaped more by paperwork and politics than by heritage, memory, or truth.
This series was created to change that. It exists to preserve the identity, history, and values of Kashmiris using the tools of the modern world. We do not write as politicians or academics. We write as Kashmiris, people who care deeply about our land, our people, and the stories that shaped us.
A Message From Trustee Abdul Basit
For too long, we have tried to rediscover ourselves through narratives written by those who were not from a Kashmiri background — people who did not understand Kashmiri culture, did not feel Kashmiri pain, and did not portray our story with truth or sincerity. Our identity was shaped by voices that were not our own.
To change this, we spoke to hundreds of elders — both in the UK and in Azad Kashmir. We travelled from city to city, and across countries, seeking the real truth of our past. We listened to the memories, emotions, struggles, and reflections that have shaped generations of Kashmiri families. What we found was powerful, deep, and often missing from mainstream narratives.
Across the digital world we found very few authentic resources on Kashmir, and many of those that existed were biased, depending on who was telling the story. We wanted to recover the Kashmiri voice — the stories of our elders, what truly happened, how they felt, how they reacted, and how those experiences shaped our culture and identity as British Kashmiris.
— Abdul Basit
Trustee, Kashmir Welfare Foundation
Shaped By Lived Experiences
Our work is rooted in lived experience. It reflects the voices of our elders, the memories carried across generations, and the emotional truth of a community that has endured struggle, displacement, division, and erasure.
Here, we explore the parts of Kashmiri heritage most often forgotten or overlooked: the values that shaped our society, the culture that expressed our identity, the spiritual foundations that guided our ancestors, and the resilience that helped us survive every chapter of hardship, from Dogra rule to partition, from migration to the present day.
A Message From Maryam
As a British Kashmiri, I have met so many people who desperately want to rediscover their heritage, their identity, and the culture our elders once lived so proudly. But for years, there has been no proper written source to guide us — no archive that speaks from the Kashmiri heart or reflects our lived experience.
We are still fortunate to live in a time where many of our elders are alive. They can still recall the events of 1947. They can still tell us the stories their parents shared with them — stories from before partition, from the time of Dogra rule, and from the struggles our people endured long before the borders were drawn.
In our journey, we were blessed to visit families who preserved journals and handwritten records dating back to the 1800s. These personal archives have helped us understand our past in a way that no online source, no political narrative, and no external historian ever could. These memories — preserved in ink and carried through generations — are the heartbeat of Kashmir’s true story.
— Maryam
British Kashmiri Research Volunteer
Restoring the Kashmiri Voice
This series does not take a political position, nor does it attempt to rewrite history for any side. Instead, it restores Kashmiri voice. It allows us to present our story as it truly is, complex, emotional, historical, and rooted in community truth.
Each article forms part of a larger cultural archive designed for future generations. For our children and grandchildren. For every young Kashmiri who has ever asked, “Who am I?”
At a time when our languages are fading, our culture is weakening, and our identity is often misrepresented, these writings act as a quiet but powerful form of preservation. They ensure that the real story of Kashmir, the people, the land, and the values are not lost in the noise of global politics. Through memory, honesty, and careful documentation, we strengthen the connection between Kashmiris everywhere and the heritage that belongs to us.
A Message From Habib Ali
I never truly understood why Kashmir was in the crisis we see today. My parents told me stories, but I could never piece everything together. Deep down I knew I was Kashmiri — it resonated with me — yet the full picture never felt complete or clear. That changed when we began working on this research.
Once we started, the doors of knowledge opened. Every point we uncovered led to another, and then another. What began as simple curiosity grew into a journey of understanding our political history, our cultural foundations, and the struggles our ancestors lived through.
While this work may still grow and evolve, it is without doubt the most comprehensive guide to Kashmiri history written from the Kashmiri point of view — shaped by our voices, our memories, and our lived experiences. For the first time, we are telling our own story.
— Habib Ali
Volunteer Researcher
This series is our voice. This archive is our responsibility. And it exists to remind every Kashmiri, wherever they live in the world:
Your story matters. Your identity matters. And Kashmir lives in you.
Interactive Timeline of Kashmir
Before 1947
Life under Dogra rule shaped Kashmiri society, values, and early resistance movements.
Explore this era →The Events of 1947
Partition, conflict, and the controversial accession reshaped Kashmir forever.
Learn what happened →After 1947
Kashmir was divided, militarised, and locked into a long period of uncertainty.
Read the full account →Mangla Dam & Migration
The 1960s brought mass displacement that shaped today’s British-Kashmiri diaspora.
Understand this turning point →Kashmir Resistance Calendar
Decades of struggle, sacrifice, and remembrance documented through key dates.
View the resistance timeline →After Article 370
The revocation of autonomy in 2019 changed the political future of the region.
Read what changed →The Land & People of Kashmir
The Geography of Azad Kashmir
Understanding Kashmir begins with understanding its land, a landscape of snow-capped mountains, deep valleys, fast rivers, and fertile plains. Geography has shaped Kashmiri identity for centuries, influencing how people live, work, travel, and survive.
The mountains produced resilience. The valleys fostered community. The rivers sustained life. Together, this environment shaped a culture known for simplicity, cooperation, and endurance.
To explore the topography, climate, districts, and natural environment of the region in detail, read our full article on Azad Kashmir Geography & Topography.
I always knew Kashmir was beautiful — but learning the hardships our elders endured for these lands has made it even more meaningful. Their sacrifices have given new depth to how I see our identity and our homeland.
— Muhammad Shafiq
Volunteer Researcher
The People & Natural Resources
Kashmiris are not a single ethnic group but a mosaic of cultures: Pahari, Kashmiri, Gojri, Balti, Shina, and more. These communities developed unique customs, dialects, and traditions while sharing a common value system rooted in hospitality, honour, simplicity, and faith.
Kashmir’s natural resources; water, forests, minerals, and fertile land all shaped livelihoods and migration patterns for centuries.
To understand the demographic, ethnic, and cultural richness of Kashmir’s people, read our full article on Kashmir: People & Resources.
Jonathan Riley — Student Researcher
Working with this research team for two years opened my eyes to a part of the world I never fully understood. Kashmir truly is the crown jewel of Asia — rich in history, identity, and emotion. What I learned, and the feelings I witnessed within the Kashmiri community, were powerful and unforgettable.
Amaan Ali Syed — Student Researcher
From a young age, I felt the impact of losing cultural identity, and I was always curious about Kashmiri heritage. But I never fully understood it until I joined the Kashmir Welfare research team. This project helped me connect the missing pieces and appreciate a culture far deeper than I imagined.
Aliya Tahir Aslam — Student Researcher
Being invited to join the Kashmir Welfare research panel was an honour. Exploring Kashmir’s heritage, history, and culture was incredibly meaningful, but meeting elders in the community was the most special part. Listening to their memories brought the past to life in a way books never could.
The Historical Timeline of Kashmir
Kashmir Before 1947
Before partition, Kashmir existed as a princely state under the Dogra dynasty. This period was defined by heavy taxation, political marginalisation, and deep inequality between rulers and the majority Muslim population.
The hardships of Dogra rule shaped Kashmiri political aspirations, giving rise to calls for justice, dignity, and representation. Understanding this era is essential for understanding why Kashmiris sought self-determination.
For a complete overview, read our full article on Kashmir Before 1947.
Kashmir During 1947
The year 1947 reshaped the entire subcontinent and Kashmir stood at the centre of uncertainty. While millions across India and Pakistan prepared for independence, Kashmir remained undecided, caught between political pressures and the wishes of its people. The events of this year led to conflict, mass displacement, and a controversial accession that shaped decades of tension.
To explore the full historical account, read our full article on Kashmir During 1947.
Dedicated to the elders whose memories, sacrifices, and stories shaped this archive. May their legacy live on through every Kashmiri generation.
Kashmir After 1947
After the accession dispute, India and Pakistan entered into open conflict over Kashmir. The result was a divided homeland, a division still visible on the map today. This period marked the beginning of militarisation, political contestation, and long-term suffering for ordinary Kashmiris on both sides of the Line of Control.
To learn more, read our full article on Kashmir After 1947.
As a British Kashmiri, my family moved here in the 90s due to the displacement caused by the Mangla Dam. After reading this series, I feel connected to my history in a way I never have before. Much of it was always told to us verbally, but taking the time to read it in written form has been an amazing experience — it finally helped everything make sense.
— Faris Hussain
Feedback after reading the 1947 history series
Kashmir After Article 370
In 2019, India revoked Article 370, removing Kashmir’s limited autonomy and placing the region under direct administrative control. This decision accelerated demographic change, political suppression, and cultural erasure.
For many Kashmiris, it marked one of the most consequential events in modern history and heightened concerns about identity, land rights, and future generations.
You can explore this turning point by reading our full article on Kashmir After Article 370.
Samina Yousaf — British Kashmiri Reader
Reading these articles finally helped me understand the journey our community went through. For years I heard stories from my parents but never had the full picture. This series connected all the missing pieces and made me appreciate my heritage in a deeper way. It felt like discovering a part of myself that I didn’t realise was lost.
Dr. Imran Khalid — Community Member, Birmingham
I’ve studied South Asian history, but I have never seen Kashmir presented with such honesty and clarity. These articles capture the voice of ordinary Kashmiris — the struggles, resilience, and values that shaped us. It helped me reconnect with my identity and gave me a sense of pride that I wish I had found earlier.
Sakina Sheikh — University Student, Manchester
I grew up confused about my background because “Kashmiri” was never an option on forms. After reading these articles, I finally understand who we are and where we come from. The history, the culture, and the values all resonated with me deeply. It feels empowering to finally have a resource that speaks our truth.
Political & Legal Status of Kashmir
UN Resolutions on Kashmir
The United Nations formally recognised Kashmir as a disputed territory and passed several resolutions affirming the right of its people to self-determination through a plebiscite. Although decades have passed, these resolutions remain legally valid. Understanding them is crucial for grasping the political foundations of the dispute.
To read the full breakdown, visit UN Resolutions on Kashmir.
History of Conflicts
The Kashmir dispute has triggered wars, military standoffs, and prolonged hostilities between India and Pakistan. Each conflict reshaped borders, deepened division, and had far-reaching effects on the lives of Kashmiri civilians. These conflicts form a major part of the region’s modern history.
For a full chronological timeline, read History of Conflicts.
The Kashmir Resistance Calendar
From massacres to uprisings, the Kashmiri resistance is documented across decades. Important dates mark the struggles, sacrifices, and resilience of the people. This calendar preserves historical memory and honours those who fought for justice and dignity.
Explore these key dates in The Kashmir Resistance Calendar.
The Kashmir Resistance Calendar was a powerful addition to the articles you have written. It completed the historical timeline and gave a deeper understanding of what happened, why these dates matter, and how we continue to mark these events today. It brought everything together.
— Hussain Mehmood
British Kashmiri
Transformative Events — Mangla & Migration
The Mangla Dam & the Birth of the Diaspora
The construction of the Mangla Dam is one of the most defining events in Azad Kashmir’s modern history. Built in the 1960s, it displaced over 100,000 people, many of whom migrated to Britain in search of new livelihoods.
This single project reshaped the demographic makeup of the UK, particularly cities like Birmingham, Bradford, Luton, and Derby. It also influenced Kashmiri identity abroad, creating a new chapter in the story of migration and resilience.
To learn about this defining moment, read The Mangla Dam.
Kashmiri Diaspora & Migration in Numbers
My grandfather moved from Azad Kashmir during the Mangla Dam creation. He always told us stories about how he came to the UK, but for years we searched for clear, reliable information and found almost nothing written in detail. He passed away in 1998, and with him so much knowledge disappeared.
Today, for the first time, I finally have information I can pass on to my children — and they can pass on to theirs. This history and culture has never been written in this way before. It feels like a unique moment for us Kashmiris. We should be proud that our story is finally being recorded.
— Laiba Noor Fatema
British Kashmiri
Kashmir Today & Tomorrow
The Kashmir of Today
Modern Kashmir faces significant challenges: political restrictions, demographic engineering, cultural erasure, resource exploitation, and ongoing tensions across borders. These realities affect the daily lives of millions and shape how Kashmiris understand their identity in the present day.
To explore the current situation, read The Kashmir of Today.
The Future of Kashmir
The future of Kashmir rests on awareness, unity, education, cultural preservation, and global advocacy. Preserving identity and empowering younger generations will determine how Kashmir evolves in the decades ahead. Hope lies in knowledge, community, and resilience.
Read more in Kashmir’s Future.
Since our parents passed away, we felt a growing distance from Kashmir. The memories, stories, and cultural details they used to share faded with time, and we found it difficult to reconnect with our roots or understand the depth of our heritage.
These articles have helped us bridge that gap. They allowed us to rediscover Kashmiri culture, understand the history our elders lived through, and rebuild a connection we thought was lost forever. In an age where false or biased information is everywhere, having a clear and authentic Kashmiri narrative has been invaluable. It has given us a renewed sense of identity and pride.
— British Kashmiri Readers
Kashmiri Culture & Values
Kashmiri Culture
Kashmiri culture is the visible expression of who we are. It includes our languages, food, hospitality, clothing, wedding customs, poetry, music, and everyday etiquette. While culture changes over time — especially in the diaspora — it remains rooted in the values that shaped our ancestors.
To explore cultural identity in depth, read Kashmiri Culture.
Explore More Kashmiri Culture & Heritage
Kashmiri Values
Values are the heart of Kashmiri identity. Honour, hospitality, simplicity, spirituality, generosity, resilience, respect for elders — these virtues shaped Kashmiri society long before modern politics and borders. Even as culture evolves, values remain timeless.
To understand these virtues fully, read Kashmiri Values.
I came to the UK on a student visa and always felt I understood enough about my culture and history. But during this research, even my eyes truly opened. I learned things I had never heard before. It affected me so deeply that I went back to my grandmother, who lived through 1947, and asked her if this is how everything really happened. She said yes.
I then asked her, “If Kashmir was so educated, why didn’t we write our own history?” She had tears in her eyes and replied, “Kashmir had suffered enough. We wanted to look forward and hold onto the hope we had.”
— Huzaifa Awan
The Kashmiri Diaspora — A Global Community
Migration created a global Kashmiri community dispersed across the UK, Europe, the Middle East, and North America. Diaspora life brings both challenges and opportunities. Many young Kashmiris grow up without language fluency or direct connection to the homeland.
Others discover identity through culture, activism, community centres, and heritage projects like this series. Diaspora identity is complex — shaped by both loss and rediscovery.
To understand this journey, read The Kashmiri Diaspora.
As an overseas Kashmiri who migrated to the UK in the 1970s, I witnessed both the challenges and opportunities of leaving home. Our intention was always to return to Kashmir. We came to Britain to earn enough to lift our families out of poverty. I still remember nine of us living in one small room, sharing just three beds. Some slept at night, others during the day, rotating in shifts. We owned almost nothing — just two pairs of clothes — and from there we built our lives.
Even today, whenever we speak about Kashmir, we cannot hold back our tears. It brings back memories of everything we left behind. In all the years I have lived in the UK, I have never felt as connected to my homeland as I do now. These articles have given us clarity, reminding us of the culture we once carried so proudly in our hearts — a culture that is slowly disappearing.
— Mustafa Gillani
Migrated to the UK in the 1970s
Why Preserving Kashmiri Identity Matters
Kashmiri identity is more than history; it is survival. When language fades, culture weakens, and values erode, a people risk losing themselves. Today, Kashmir faces political suppression, demographic change, cultural erasure, and generational disconnect. These threats make preservation not just important — but urgent.
This hub exists to ensure that Kashmir’s story does not disappear. By documenting our past, explaining our present, and preparing for our future, we strengthen the foundations of identity. By keeping culture and values alive, we honour the sacrifices of our ancestors.
By empowering younger generations with knowledge, we ensure that Kashmir continues, not only as a place, but as a people.
Our history matters.
Our culture matters.
Our identity matters.
And as long as Kashmiris continue to remember who they are, the spirit of Kashmir will live forever, not only in the homeland, but in every Kashmiri heart across the world.
I got involved in this research because many people in my area come from this region of the world. But whenever we spoke about deeper culture and values, many of them were unsure of who they were. Some would say they were Pakistani, other times Kashmiri — and I never fully understood why. I just assumed it was “complicated.”
When I was invited to join this project as a volunteer researcher, I immediately said yes. What I learned through this journey changed me forever. It opened my eyes to a history filled with resilience, pain, identity, and incredible depth — far beyond anything I had been taught.
— Hannah Arkwright
Leeds Beckett University Student, Volunteer Researcher
Submit Your Family Story
Every Kashmiri family carries memories of migration, resilience, culture, and survival. Help us preserve these stories for future generations by contributing to our growing oral history archive.
